The team
A Volleyball team consists of a maximum of 6 players (one of them acts as captain), a coach, an assistant coach, a masseur and a doctor approved by the WOVD (World Organization of Volleyball for Disabled).
All players must be registered on the scoresheet to enter the field, once the captain and coach sign the certificate, registered players can not be changed. This official record also stable rotation of the players on the court.
In addition, only members of the team can be on the bench - outside the free zone next to the scorer's table - during the game. The coach must remain on the bench but can leave momentarily. Players, if they are not playing, they can be on the bench or heating without the ball in the heating zone during the game. Only can be heated balloon between sets in the free areas.
The responsibility for the conduct and discipline of the team members fall into Captain, in the Coach and Assistant Coach.
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Volleyball Rules
4.1. - The Surface
The court surface must be flat, horizontal and uniform. In the indoor courts and organized by WOVD (World Organization of Volleyball for Disabled), the surface should be clear and concise or wood. The outdoor facilities are allowed, to facilitate drainage, a slope of 5 mm per meter.
4.2. - The Court
With respect to the volleyball court, note that is divided into two parts, the playing field itself, which measures 10 x 6 m with a free area between 3 and 6 m. and free space of play, it is the space above the area that is free of obstacles. This space should be between 7 and 10m.
Moreover, the field lines are 5 cm. and must be white. It is forbidden lines with solid materials in outdoor courts. In addition to the lines on the court, we have:
demarcation lines: Are the lines demarcating the playing field, two side and two deep.
Central Line extends under the network and is the central axis that divides the court into two identical fields of 6 x 5 m.
offensive line: The line marking the frontcourt. Its back edge is situated 2 meters from the center line. This line is extended by a broken line of 15 cm. long and 5 cm. wide in competitions organized by the WOVD (World Organiaztion of Volleyball for Disabled).
4.3. - Areas
These lines indicate and define the different areas of the court:
Frontcourt: This zone is marked by the center line axis of the rear edge and the line of attack. The zone extends to the end of the free zone.
Service zone: The area behind each end line and are marked by two lines of 15 cm. to 20 cm. bottom line and as an extension of the sideline. It extends to the end of the free zone.
Substitution zone: It is bounded by the two lines of attack to the scorer's table.
Heated area: Measures 3 x 3 m and is located at the corners of the playing area, next to the bench and out of the free zone.
Punishment Area: Located beyond the bottom line, is equipped by two chairs and measures 1 x 1 m. Sometimes are delimited by a red line of 5 cm.
4.4. - The Red
The network, the core of the sport, stands at 1.15 m for men and 1.05 m for women in the "sitting" volleyball, while "standing" volleyball is 2.43 m for 2.24 m for men and women. Always measured from the center of the court. It is made of black boxes maya 10 cm2 and is 80 cm. wide and 7 m long.
4.5. - The Ball
Along with the net, the ball is the most important object of the sport. The balloon is formed by an inner rubber or flexible coated synthetic leather. Its circumference is 65 to 67 cm. and weighs between 260 and 280 grams. In Competitions three balls are used, so six ball retrievers are placed: one behind the referee and the other at each corner of the free zone.
4.6. - The Clothing
Volleyball players lead a very simple clothing: a shirt, shorts, stockings and sports shoes. These shoes should be flexible, and comfortable rubber sole, while the rest of the dress is even less for the Libero. Shirts must be numbered from 1 to 18 and the numbers must be placed on both the chest and the back. The captain must wear a ribbon below the number.
Note that players have the option of using bandages and wearing contact lenses or glasses, provided they do not impair their physical integrity.
4.7. - The Game:
A match begins with a lottery among the captains of both teams, with the winner who can decide whether or kick field.
The game itself starts with the serve, before which all players must be rotated clockwise to clockwise (to the right) and everyone should have stuck to the floor buttocks. It allows a total of 6 substitutions per set. In the event of any injured player substitution occurs exceptional (it can be done despite having made six regulatory changes). Ultimately, should always be six players per team, because if a team gets 5 for expulsion is declared INCOMPLETE.
A team wins when you get three sets. Each set should be a total of 25 points as long as there is a difference of 2 points from the other team. If tied to 24 should get 26. The point is achieved when the ball lands on the opponent's field and when the opponent is punished.
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History of volleyball
Volleyball was created in 1895 by William G. Morgan, who was then director of physical education at the YMCA of Holihoke, in the state of Massachusetts. Morgan had established, developed and directed a broad program of exercises and sport classes for male adults and realized I needed a new set of competition to vary your program. At that time only had Basketball and, therefore, took hold of his own experiences to create this new game.
Thus are born the first rules and concepts of this new sport initially christened as "Mintonette".
Halstead was the teacher who gives the name of Volleyball to call attention to the "whipped" or the active phase of the launch.
Thanks to the YMCA Volleyball is introduced in many countries:
Elwood S. Brown introduced him to the Philippines.
J. Oward Crocker puts it in China.
Frank H. Brown in Japan.
Dr. J. H. Gray introduces Volleyball in Burma, China and India.
It is in America where, in 1922, played the first National Volleyball Championships to create the American Association of Volleyball (ALSU - United States Volleyball Association) six years later.
In 1938 he established the first international contacts between Poland and France, but World War II interrupted abruptly these contacts. After the 2nd World War, it is possible to establish new international relations and Dr. Harold T. Friermood (then a member of the YMCA and then secretary of the ALSU) spread some work done on the volleyball.
A year later (1946) organized a meeting in Prague, Czechoslovakia after a game - France. The meeting is led by the French Federation of Volleyball and is attended by the President of the Polish - M. Wiokyllo - the French Libaud, Babin and Aujard addition to the Czechs. They are the ones pushing for the creation of a Constituent Congress, with the French Federation Libaud and as responsible for setting up the organization and help the formation of national federations of Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg and Switzerland.
Federations are present in this Congress who, in 1947, set out the rules and regulations of the International Volleyball Federation. The headquarters of the Federation is set in Paris, with its President and trusting Libaud your Lenour Secretariat, who will get to celebrate the first Volleyball European Championship in 1948 (Rome), in addition to the First World Championship in Prague
World Championship (1949).
This World Championship led to a parallel action: make numerous demands for inclusion of Volleyball in the Olympics. Thus, the Bulgarian Federation (led by the International Volleyball Federation) introduced in 1957 a volleyball tournament during the International Olympic Committee session in Sofia. It will be seven years later, in Tokio'64 Olympics, where volleyball debut as an Olympic sport. It remains so far.
In regard to the Disabled Volleyball, we must stress that the disabled sports is not known before the Second World War. It is because of the consequences of this 2nd Great War (War veterans with amputations, ... etc..) That hospitals are forced to see the chair as a positive tool for the disabled and begin to use it as a sport.
Thus, begins to use sport as a means of rehabilitation and - especially - as a means of social integration.
So in 1948, Dr. Ludwig Guttman National Center for Injury Stoke Mandeville Hospital Columns of Aylsburg (England) decided to organize the first European on Wheelchairs Sports, giving birth to the Stoke Mandeville Games.
These Games are the prelude to the Paralympics, held for the first time in Rome in 1960, just after the Olympics. The only major difference between the two is that in the Paralympics athletes and federations are grouped considering disability. Therefore, athletes with mental disabilities are grouped in the Special Olympics (based on the 60 per initiative of Mrs. Eunice Kennedy Shriver).
The curriculum of volleyball in the Paralympics is brief. The "sitting" volleyball and sitting volleyball as Paralympic debut in Arnhem'80 and has ceased to be in Athens'04. The "standing" foot volleyball or volleyball - for its part - debuted earlier (in Toronto'76) to also stop being paraolímpico in Athens'04.
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DEFINITION
Volleyball is a team sport played on a court divided into two equal parts by a network. In each part stands a team of 6 players. The goal is to pass the ball over the net and on the floor giving the opposing team's field. The opposing team has three hits for returning the ball. The game starts with the serve and play hard until the ball touches the ground, going out, a team fails to return it or fouls. In this case, the game stops and repeats the play. Every play is a point and when the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and the players rotate one position clockwise clock. Disabled in volleyball there are two types: the "Sitting" or Sitting Volleyball (played by athletes with severe physical disabilities) the "Standing" or Volleyball Volleyball Pie (played by minor physical disabilities).
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SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 2012
The volleyball, volleyball, volleyball, volleyball or just volleyball (English: volleyball1), is a sport where two teams face on a smooth pitch separated by a central network, trying to pass the ball over the net to the ground of the opponents. The ball can be touched or driven with clean shots, but can not be stopped, held, retained or accompanied. Each team has a limited number of touches to return the ball to the opposite field. Usually the ball is hit with hands and arms, but also with any other body part. One of the most unique characteristics is that volleyball players have to be rotating their positions as they earn points.
There are several modalities. With the name of "volleyball" identifies the mode that is played in indoor track, but also very popular beach volleyball is played on sand. The sitting volleyball is a variation with growing popularity among sports for disabled and Cachibol practice is widespread in older communities. The Ecuadorian community divided by the world practice the local variant, the ecuavóley. The Chinese community in North America has a volleyball league nine (nine man volleyball). With more informal Further models are practiced so popular in summer, beaches and tourist areas, like foot volleyball, water volleyball or the Bossaball
Volleyball is one sport where greater parity between male and female competitions, both by the level of competition for popularity, media presence and following public computers.
Volleyball (initially under the name mintonette) was born on February 9, 1895 in the United States, in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Its inventor was William George Morgan, a physical education teacher at the YMCA. It was an indoor game with similarities team tennis or handball. Although his birth next in basketball by time and space, it is clearly deviate from the rudeness, the absence of contact between the players.
The first ball was specially designed at the request of the firm Morgan AG Spalding & Bros. of Chicopee, Massachusetts. In 1912 we reviewed the initial rules when it comes to the dimensions of the court and the ball were not insured, limited to six the number of players per team, and is incorporated in the serve rotation. In 1922, regulates the number of touches, merely attack the defenders and down the two-point lead to the achievement of the set.
The International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was founded in 1947 and the first world championships were held in 1949 (male) and 1952 (women). Since 1964 has been an Olympic sport. The beach volleyball joins the FIVB in 1986 and the Summer Olympic Games since 1996.
Recently there have been substantial changes in the volleyball game looking more attractive. In 1998 he introduced the figure of the libero player. In 2000 significantly reduces the duration of the meetings by eliminating the requirement to be in possession of the kick to score, you can earn point and service on the same play as before could be stealing Alternatively kicks without the marker advance. It has allowed to touch any part of the body or is allowed to touch the net kick whenever passing the attacking end.
In 2006 raises two possible new changes and tested in some competitions: allow a second kick on if the first (as in tennis) on the bench and have a second libero player with which to switch over party. Finally only accepted, approved the revision in the June 2008 conference held in Dubai, the addition of a second libero reserves and the possibility of exchanging the sweepers only once during the match.
In 2010, we review the net touch rule, and change: just be lack of network touch touching the tape of the net, and affects the play. It also relaxes the game with two sweepers allowing successive changes by the second libero libero acting throughout the game.
The playing field where volleyball is a rectangle 18 m long and 9 meters wide, divided into its centerline by a network that separates the two teams. Actually the game is also on the outside, in the free zone, provided that the ball does not touch ground or any other element. The free zone must be at least 3 m minimum in international competitions is increased to 5 m on the sidelines and 8 m to the bottom lines. The free space on the track must have a minimum height of 7 m in international competitions up to 12.5 m.
The volleyball court
Dimensions
Areas
Free Zone
Center line
Baseline
Sideline
Line Attack
Service zone
Defensive zone
Frontcourt
First referee
Second referee
Annotator
Dock
Network
BASIC RULES
Point is achieved when the opposing team commits any of the following offenses or offenses:
If the ball touches the ground inside the field, whether the latter one corresponds to a player touches itself as one of the opposing team.
If the ball just outside the rink, is a misguided attack on the opponent or a mistake in trying to defend. Lack corresponds to the player and the team that last touched the ball once, and instead point is scored. It is considered to be the contact with the roof, public or any element of the pavilion, or the same colleges. Contact with the net, poles or rods on the outside to the sidebands is also out.
If you exceed the number of three hits allowed without having gone to the opposite field, or if a player touches it twice consecutively the ball. As an exception, if block touch, that first touch is not accounted for the lack of equipment and four hits for double single.
If the kick when players are positioned incorrectly, that is, that is not fitted to the corresponding rotation.
If the wrong ball touch and there is retention or accompaniment (double in this case).
If a back row player attacks beyond the attack line. The Libero can not participate in any way in the lock and has restricted the attack, as has been seen.
If a player enters the opponent's court under the net by interfering with the play of the opponent, or if one foot completely crossed the center line.
If on the contrary impedes network touching or touching the top or upper portion of the rods when playing the ball. Contact is permitted as long as the network does not interfere with the game.
Service
Reception
Defense
Auction
Blockade
Technical Basics
Various techniques are used to propel the ball in various game situations. In all of them the ball must be beaten, not caught or thrown. Retention, drag or accompaniment of the ball is missing. The arbitral discretion in the application of this standard is common source of controversy for the fans who attend the games.
Service or remove
Each point begins with a serve the ball from behind the baseline. He throws the ball into the air and hit to the opposite field looking for the weak points of the opponent's defense. It can be done standing or jumping. Orientation is important to remove because the rival who is forced to get the shot, is limited to participate in the subsequent attack.
Blockade
Is action to intercept any attack the opposing team at the net jumping with arms raised looking directly return the ball to the opposite field, or failing that, shake the front court to induce him to take the ball off the field game. The lock can be up to three players (three forwards) to increase the chances of interception. Also important here will aid the second line to retrieve the ball in case of a lock failure. One of the options available to the attacker jump is just throwing the ball with force directly against seeking the missing lock.
Receive and pass
Intercept and control a ball, aiming for another partner in good condition to play. The low balls received with forearms united front to the waist and fingers high above his head.
In other cases it takes more spectacular moves. It is common to see a player jump in iron on the abdomen stretching his arm to bounce the ball on the hand rather than on the ground and avoid the point.
Generally the second touch is intended to provide a ball in optimal conditions for an auctioneer at the opposite field goal. Placement is done raising his hands with an overhand pass, the most accurate pass in volleyball. The setter is in his hand (and his head) distributing the responsibility to go over the game ball to different auctioneers and different areas. Generally used techniques forearm, broadcast, pitch or hit with any part of the body as a last resort.
Attack-shot
The player, jumping, finally sends the ball hard to the opposite field looking poorly defended places, or against one's opponents in terms of speed or direction such that they can not control and the ball goes out.
The player can also choose fake cheating or leaving the end a soft ball that is not expected on the contrary. Although there are three team touches, you can make an attack (or fake) in the first touches to find misplaced or opposing team off guard.
Different types are named with the number of attacks in the area:
Attack defender: Is performing those found in defensive positions without exceeding the 3-meter line.
4 Attack: The attack the attacker performing located in zone 4.
Attack 2: the attack is performed by the attacker is in zone 2.
Attack: The attack that the attacker performs zone 3.
EQUIPMENT
Each team plays six players can be replaced with conditions. Three of the players are the front line in attack tasks and the other three are placed behind and act defenders or defenders.
The entire team it can form a maximum of 14 players (12 plus 2 sweepers), a coach, an assistant coach, a masseur and a doctor. Each player is identified by a different number, from 1 to 20, number on both the front and the back of the shirt. One player will captain the team and is identified by a visible band under your number. The sweepers can not be captain and are the only ones who can and have to wear a different dress, usually of different colors to the team.
Rotations in volleyball
Rotations
When a team scores a point, will be in charge of putting the ball in play. When the kick snatches the contrary, the six players have to rotate their position on the field in the direction of clockwise. This makes all the players go in alternating positions front and backs.
For the setup is correct, it is not necessary a given geometry, but simply that when you start each point, in the hit, each having at least one front foot ahead of the corresponding full-back, and within the same line the sides at least a foot outside the player at the center position. From that time each player may move freely following the game. With these rules, the original provisions can be very colorful and the resulting strategies open enough.
Before beginning each September delivery coach referees the list of players who will play the set.
By analogy, the numbers 1 to 6 are used to designate the corresponding parts of the country (ie: zone two, zone four, ...).
Libero
In a match can be aligned to two special players called sweepers. A libero is a defensive player who can enter and leave the field continuously replacing any of the other players when they are in rotation on the defensive. The object of the introduction of the post is sweeper of attacking players, usually very high, thus providing poor performance in reception.
The sweepers are easily recognizable because they wear a uniform of a different color to the rest of the team.
The Libero:
It can not be team captain or game captain.
You can not remove.
You can not block or attempt to block.
You can not complete an attack hit when the ball is completely above the net.
You can make an overhand pass in the front or front zone, if the attacker hit the ball below the upper edge of the network.
On the latter, there is a fault if a forearm pass or if the ball is returned to the hand with a low pass.
He considers himself libero makes an attack at fault when the ball above the top edge of the network from anywhere in your field and sends it to the opposite field.
The libero in play at all times will be the acting Libero and libero may be a second booking. The coach can switch to libero libero acting for second after each play of the game at any time. The change can be made with the libero on track, in which case the player initially replaced by the first of which will track undoing substitution with the second.
In the women's NCAA college football in the U.S. and in other lower categories the libero can take the throw itself but only in a rotation, that is, in the place of one of the players by being input.
Changes
Players of the initial formation of each set can be replaced only once in the set and then undoing the change return by the player who replaced him. Thus, the maximum number of substitutions is six, one for each player. Not counted here the inputs and outputs of the sweepers. In turn, the substitute player can not replace more than one player per set.
Changes are made, except for the libero, the area enclosed between the three-meter line and the network.
Quick replacement
For individual replacement substitute player must approach, with the game stopped, to the substitution zone showing a tablet with the number of the player you are replacing. The scorer will trigger the horn or whistle to authorize replacement and recorded in the minutes of the meeting.
Collective substitutions will be made in the same way that individual, partner to partner, allowing the scorer write substitutions in the minutes.
Liberos tickets
Movements in and out of the field by the sweepers are made with pieces going through the area enclosed between the three-meter line and the bottom line and do not require prior notice or consent. Between each output sweeper and a new entry must mediate at least one play.
